Invasive fungal infections kill more than one million people in hospitals each year worldwide. Opportunistic infections caused by common fungal strains including Candida and Aspergillus can be life-threatening to people with compromised immune systems, such as those who are undergoing chemotherapy as a cancer treatment or those with organ transplants, immune disorders, diabetes and advanced HIV infection.
The treatment options for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are very limited. There are mainly three classes of commonly used antifungals, and only one has the option to be administered orally. This limited number of options is concerning, particularly if we consider that many of these infections require several weeks of antifungal treatment (i.e., intravenous formulation for the entire treatment duration is not ideal). The only class with oral alternatives, the azoles, has higher potential for significant drug-to-drug interactions and has been particularly affected by the growing antifungal resistance.
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